What is a Single-stage Centrifugal Pump?

A single-stage centrifugal pump is a common fluid conveying device, characterized by containing only one set of impeller and pump casing. It is mainly composed of components such as an impeller, pump body, shaft seal device, and driving motor. This design enables it to maintain efficient transportation while having the advantages of convenient installation and low maintenance costs, making it widely used in various small and medium-sized fluid conveying scenarios.

Ⅰ. Working Principle

A single-stage centrifugal pump is a centrifugal pump equipped with only one impeller. Its core function is to generate centrifugal force through the rotation of the impeller, converting mechanical energy into the kinetic energy and pressure energy of the fluid, thereby realizing the transportation of liquids. It relies on the high-speed rotation of the impeller to enable the fluid in the pump to gain energy, and completes the continuous process from suction to discharge under the action of pressure difference. It is a fluid conveying machine driven by centrifugal force.

Ⅱ. Design Features

• Simple structural composition: It is mainly composed of an impeller, pump casing (volute), shaft seal device, pump shaft, and driving device (such as an electric motor). Compared with multi-stage centrifugal pumps, it reduces the complex structure of multiple impellers and corresponding shafting, reducing manufacturing difficulty and production costs.
• Fluid dynamics design: The shape of the impeller blades is optimized to efficiently transfer rotational kinetic energy to the fluid; the volute-shaped pump casing can effectively convert the kinetic energy of the fluid into pressure energy, increasing the conveying pressure.
• Easy installation and maintenance: The installation method can be horizontal or vertical according to actual needs, and maintenance is convenient. The replacement and inspection of vulnerable parts such as impellers and shaft seals are simple, which can effectively shorten the shutdown maintenance time.

Ⅲ. Application Range

The application range of single-stage centrifugal pumps covers multiple fields such as industry, agriculture, civil use, and municipal engineering.

• Industrial field: Commonly used in factory cooling water circulation systems, boiler feed water systems, and the transportation of low-viscosity media in chemical production (such as solvents, light oil, etc.).
• Agricultural field: It is the main equipment for farmland irrigation and drainage, which can efficiently transport water sources to fields or discharge accumulated water in low-lying areas.
• Civil scenarios: Suitable for water supply in residential communities, secondary pressurization of high-rise buildings, and preliminary lifting of municipal sewage treatment, etc.
• Municipal engineering: Can be used for urban greening irrigation, water circulation in fountain landscapes, etc.

Ⅳ. Types

1.According to the impeller suction mode:

The single-suction impeller suctions fluid only from one side, with a simple structure, suitable for small and medium flow scenarios;

The double-suction impeller can suck fluid from both sides, with a larger flow rate and better anti-cavitation performance, often used for large flow transportation.

2.According to the installation direction of the pump shaft:

Horizontal pumps occupy a large area but have good stability and are convenient for installation and maintenance;

Vertical pumps occupy a small area, are suitable for occasions with limited space, and can self-prime when the impeller is immersed in liquid, without the need for additional water introduction devices.

Ⅴ. Maintenance Methods

Inspection of shaft seal device: For mechanical seals, observe whether there is dripping. If the leakage exceeds the specified value (usually no more than 5 drops per minute), it needs to be replaced in time; for packing seals, the tightness should be adjusted regularly to avoid over-tightness causing heat or over-looseness leading to leakage.

Cleaning of filters and pipelines: Regularly clean the filters and suction pipelines to prevent blockage by impurities from affecting the flow rate. At the same time, check the tightness of pipeline connections to avoid cavitation caused by air leakage.

Bearing maintenance: Pay attention to the bearing temperature.

Ⅵ. Summary

Single-stage centrifugal pumps, with their characteristics of simple structure and wide application range, will still maintain an important position in small and medium-sized fluid conveying scenarios, providing reliable support for liquid transportation in multiple fields. With proper maintenance and care of single-stage centrifugal pumps, users can maximize the efficiency of the fluid conveying process, while benefiting from TEFFIKO's tailor-made excellent products. For more information, please visit www.teffiko.com or email sales@teffiko.com.